Aberrant development of speech processing in young children with autism: new insights from neuroimaging biomarkers. Autism, language disorder, and social (pragmatic) communication disorder: DSM-V and differential diagnoses. Preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review of prevalence, diagnosis, neurobiology, and stimulant treatment. Social functioning in children with or at risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Examining playground engagement between elementary school children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Clinic attenders with autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: cognitive profile at school age and its relationship to preschool indicators of language delay. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions 2012. IACAPAP e-textbook of child and adolescent mental health. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Moriyama TS, Cho AJM, Verin RE, Fuentes J, Polanczyk GV. Are ASD and ADHD a continuum? A comparison of pathophysiological similarities between the disorders. Kern JK, Geier DA, Sykes LK, Geier MR, Deth RC. Differentiating between ADHD and ASD in childhood: some directions for practitioners. Autism spectrum disorders and ADHD: overlapping phenomenology, diagnostic issues, and treatment considerations. Clinical presentation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschool children: the Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS). Posner K, Melvin GA, Murray DW, Gugga SS, Fisher P, Skrobala A, et al. Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in young children. Autism spectrum disorder: a transactional developmental perspective. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Johnson CP, Myers SM, American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children with Disabilities. Autistic spectrum disorders in preschool children. Autism and family home movies: a comprehensive review. Clinical assessment and management of toddlers with suspected autism spectrum disorder: insights from studies of high-risk infants. Zwaigenbaum L, Bryson S, Lord C, Rogers S, Carter A, Carver L, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 4 years-early autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, seven sites, United States, 2010, 2012, and 2014. 2014 44:1275–87.Ĭhristensen DL, Maenner MJ, Bilder D, Constantino JN, Daniels J, Durkin MS, et al. Evaluating autism diagnostic and screening tools for cultural and linguistic responsiveness. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. This detailed discussion adds to the literature since, although ASD differential diagnoses are frequently mentioned and discussed in textbooks and journal articles, they rarely occupy a prominent place as we aimed herein.Īmerican Psychiatric Association (APA). The ranking and characterization of symptoms appear to be essential for better understanding the underlying common ground between children with developmental disorders and children with ASD, thus properly diagnosing and directing social, professional, or medication interventions. We addressed converging and divergent aspects of behavior, cognition, communication, language, speech, socialization, and stereotypes for the diagnosis of ASD and other disorders identified as potential differential or comorbid diagnoses. We describe conditions commonly found in clinical practice, taking ASD as a reference. The international medical literature search was conducted using PubMed and was revised regarding the subject using single and/or combined keywords as follows: differential diagnosis, preschoolers, diagnostic challenge, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, high abilities/giftedness, childhood apraxia of speech, social communication disorder, Landau–Kleffner syndrome, stereotyped movement disorder and excessive screen time. The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical features of the differential diagnoses of ASD that are prevalent among preschoolers, focusing on their similarities and disparities. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction and by repetitive and restricted patterns of behavior, interests and activities. Neurodevelopmental disorders are a heterogeneous group of conditions that manifest as delays or deviations in the acquisition of expected developmental milestones and behavioral changes.
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